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In the eyes of a dog the world is in white and in various shades of grey. You see, dogs were once believed to have no ability to distinguish colors. Dogs are acclaimed for their heightened senses. Dogs are renowned for being outstanding guard dogs because of their very sensitive scenting and hearing abilities. Sighthounds are breeds highly valued for their excellent vision. One of the advantages of dogs over humans is the ability to see well in the dark . With dog that taking on the guarding duty, the people in the house can have a good nights rest.

It is really quite surprising that in spite of these heightened senses, dogs were once believed to have no capability to distinguish colors. Dogs do have the ability to see colors but not in the same way humans can. A study on canine vision conducted in the University of California has proven the fact that dogs can see colors but their vision as compared to human’s vision is less detailed. Due to the dog’s less detailed vision, a new red chew toy may not be appreciated as in the dog’s eye the color of the toy will either be black or grey.

Humans and dogs are very similar in genetics. The cone photoreceptors that catch light and control color sensitivity in human eyes are found in dog’s eyes too. The only difference is that while humans have three of these special cells, a dog’s eye only has two. The three cones in the central part of the human retina give humans 100% full range vision while the two cone types in a dog’s eye deliver only about 20 % range of color vision. As expected, this will make the dog’s vision far inferior than human vision.

The ROYGBIV colors of the rainbow will be seen by the dog as blue, light blue, grey, light yellow, brownish yellow and dark grey. This means that in the eyes of a dog, the world is basically colored in blue, grey and yellow. In spite of the limited colors seen, a dog has the surprising ability to differentiate the subtle change in colors that creates various shades of violets and blues.

Humans do not have this ability because the human eyes have a yellow pigmentation that reduces the sensitivity of the eye to blue and violet lights by blocking the short wavelengths. Dogs have an enhanced ability to see various shades of light and blue as the eyes of dogs do not have this yellow pigmentation.

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